Monday, October 3, 2011

Guns on College Campuses

Last week the Oregon Court of Appeals made a ruling that allows concealed weapon permit holders to carry on public college campuses. This is not the first ruling of this kind, and the political momentum they are gaining is stirring up much debate.

Those in favor of allowing concealed weapons on college campuses, argue that police cannot be every where at once. When emergency situations arise, like the incident at Virginia Tech in 2007, police response time may not be fast enough to prevent mass casualty, if students, faculty and staff were permitted to carry concealed weapons on campus, they may act as civilian heroes and minimize the casualties. But who is to say that those who are carrying at the time of an attack will have the courage to retaliate or feel a sense of responsibility for those around them and fight instead of running.

Others in favor of this, argue that if potential shooters believe that others on campus may also have guns, they will be fearful of partaking in such violent acts and may think twice about it. Sueng-Hui Cho, the shooter at Virginia Tech, seemed to know ahead of time he would end his massacre by taking his own life. The gunman involved in the Northern Illinois University shootings also committed suicide at the end of his rampage.

The traditionally aged college student (age 18-22) is going threw many development changes. According to Chickering, one of the vital tasks colleges students undertake is learning to manage their emotions. During my time as an Resident Assistant, I worked and lived in a hall that was designed exclusively for freshmen. Drugs and alcohol were not uncommon in our hall. Those in combination with a population of students still struggling to manage their emotions, led to fights and other violent acts occurring. Luckily most of the students involved, were not seriously injured and most were eventually able to use that one time occurrence as a learning experience on how not to manage their emotions.

However, if the drugs, alcohol and untamed emotions combination suddenly included guns, the outcomes might not be the same. Quarrels over how some one's sister was treated might turn into shootings with serious injuries or even death. The frequency in which violent acts occur in residence halls around college campuses might leave institutions in a constant state of mourning tragedies.

Institutions of higher education as hubs where thousands of young adults, all at different stages of development and maturity come to learn. Instead allowing them to weapons into already dicey waters; let's preserve a sense of safety where it is okay to make mistakes without fear of violent attack on our campuses.

13 comments:

  1. I think this a very interesting argument that both sides will never learn to agree upon. I actually disagree with your argument. Yes, students are going through a lot of development during their time in college and there are issues of harassment and confrontation in residence halls and on campus, but does that mean students who have concealed weapons are going to use them whenever there is a fight? Even when alcohol does play a part in a fight, I don't think it's fair to assume students who drink will carry a gun and use it when they are involved in a confrontation. I think it's also important to recognize that this not a majority of people who are choosing to carry guns and probably an even smaller population on a college campus. Additionally, I think the argument is fair that students can feel safer or more confident on campus when they have a concealed weapon. Consider that we have students on campus who don't drive or can't drive and walk to and from classes or work. As a woman on campus, I never feel safe walking on campus as soon as the sun goes down. Does that mean if I could have a gun, I would? Maybe. While sometimes it's hard to believe, students are adults and should have the right to carry a concealed weapon if they so choose.

    Again, I'm very aware that many people feel differently about this subject and I am merely stating my opinion.

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  2. I was hoping someone would create an entry on concealed carry. Last year I started trying to write a journal article about the topic but got so frustrated with it as a policy issue that I had to stop. Like the issues of abortion and the death penalty, I think many of us form an immediate opinion about concealed carry on campus based on our beliefs and values. However, as we learn more about the issue and consider various scenarios, our opinions may become less good/bad in nature and more nuanced. I started off believing that concealed carry on campus was a terrible idea for the specific reasons Kim identified. The idea of an armed and intoxicated 18-year old whose girl friend just dumped him is scary.

    One of the issues with our thinking about concealed carry on campus is that there is little empirical data to help inform our opinion. Instead, we must rely on a few isolated incidents to illustrate what could have happened in hind-sight. There is a practical and romantic notion that a legally armed person can put an end to a murderous rampage when police are on-the-way.

    As the official review of the V.TEch incident pointed out, the institution could have done many things differently regarding the sharing of information about the murderer and could have possibly prevented some of the killings if it had reacted more quickly when it learned of the first killings. There was enough time that police could have intervened as the suspect moved across campus. The NIU was different in that a former student showed up to a class and started shooting. Police were on the scene in less then a minute, but the killer took his own life before they could do anything. In both cases it is reasonable to ask, ‘what would I have done if I had been there and had a gun?” Some people believe that they could have stopped a few of the killings if they had been able to get a good shot at killer once he started. Could they have? We will never know.

    Something to consider however is the shooting of Representative Gabrielle Giffords and 18 others in Tucson. One of the people on the scene was Joe Zamudio, who had a concealed weapon (in Arizona no permit is required). He heard the initial shots and ran towards the noise. He thankfully did not draw his weapon because the person he believed was the shooter was actually a bystander who had wrestled the gun aware from Jared Loughner. Can you imagine a college student dealing with the grief of killing the wrong person?

    Review of V-Tech shooting:
    http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/30/us/30school.html?ref=virginiapolytechnicinstituteandstateuniversity

    Link to story about Joe Zamudio
    http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jan/14/nation/la-na-zamudio-shooting-20110115

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  3. Interesting post. I believe that there are individuals who should be allowed to have concealed weapons on campus and those who are victims of domestic violence and stalking, period. I don't buy the rationale that it makes sense to have a student be prepared for a student shooter because these persons are not trained to stop a crisis.

    Although I rarely tell this story, I will to illustrate my bias. An employee's husband at FRCC who was also a student held us both hostages with a shot gun seventeen years ago in my office on campus. He planned to kill us both and made that clear with a concealed shot gun, thermos of coffee, carton of cigarettes and noting that we would all be leaving on gurneys. She was a victim of domestic violence and he believed that I was assisting her in leaving the abusive relationship which is why he chose to involve me. His suicide counselor was a Larimer County Sherriff's secretary and when he made me call her, she immediately dispatched SWAT who saved our lives. The details of this situation are much more involved, but this is a summary of what occurred. Therefore, I will always believe that guns have no place on campus except, once again, when one is in the hands of a victim who has been taught to use a weapon for self defense.

    I also took note of some of the Colorado institutions below.

    There are 24 states that expressly prohibit concealed carry on college campuses by persons with a valid concealed handgun license/permit. These states are Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, and Wyoming. Texas law specifically prohibits concealed carry on campus but includes a clause which allows an individual college/university to 'opt out' of the law and allow concealed carry.
    15 "Right-to-Carry" states leave the decision of concealed carry on college campuses entirely to each college/university. A person with a license/permit who was caught carrying a firearm on a college campus could not be held criminally liable but students and employees of a university would be expelled or have their employment terminated. These states are Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia.
    Source
    http://concealedcampus.org/state-by-state.php
    So what does that mean for Colorado?

    DENVER — Administrators of the state's community college system have decided to repeal a policy banning concealed weapons from its 13 campuses to comply with a court ruling against a similar ban on University of Colorado campuses.... Read on.....
    http://www.summitdaily.com/article/20100513/NEWS/100519881

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  4. Kim, thanks for addressing this issue. Right now, Colorado is embroiled in this debate. The CSU system has given up in court, and the CU system is in the middle of a lawsuit that will decide our fate on concealed-carry. For the record, I am firmly against guns on campus. I also have a lot of Police Officer colleagues who agree with this view. Their main argument: when I get to an active shooter situation, how am I supposed to know who is the shooter and who is the "hero"? If I can't tell, I'm taking them both out.

    Colorado's carry-concealed laws expressly prohibit guns in state parks, official government buildings like courthouses, and K-12 ed, but not higher ed. The argument in the courts is that if the lawmakers meant to disallow guns on higher ed campuses, they would have put that in the policy specifically.

    Yolanda--thank you for sharing your story. It's a power narrative in favor of disallowing guns on campus.

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  5. It needs to be noted there is a process to legally carry concealed and while the training is somewhat limited, four hours of safety training, it is a start. I would rather see more training required to own a firearm than what is presently required. It is my belief owning a firearm is a right and freedom. More importantly it is an immense responsibility.

    The issue people seem to forget is a person with an intent to harm will find a way to do so regardless if whatever laws are in place. Fundamentally people have a right to protect themselves and frankly the police is a reactionary force and rarely preventative. Are there other options for self protection? Yes, there is pepper spray and tazers. Do they always work? No, they do not and to be fair a gun doesn't always work either. There is also self defense courses however most people do not want to put the time and the energy into learning a marital discipline.

    So where does this leave us? Campus shootings are statistically insignificant and make headline news for precisely said reason. We are put into a situation where we have to trust our fellow man one way or another.

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  6. Wow, lots of good comments. This issue came up a number of years ago at CSU. A number of faculty said they didn't feel safe knowing that there were students in their classes who could have guns on them at that moment. Folks from the women and gender advocacy office shared statistics that campuses that allow concealed carry have fewer instances of sexual assault (sorry I don't have that citation), possibly because a perpetrator has a bit more hesitation to attacking someone who might have a gun on them. Police officers at CSU were quoted saying they wouldn't write someone a ticket if they were carrying a weapon and had a permit even if it was outlawed.

    I used to live in Los Angeles, spent a bit of time in Tennessee, and now live in Northern Colorado. The way guns are viewed in these states/regions are significantly different, and I think it's right for states to have different policies and even for campuses to have different policies. The way people talk about guns in Tennessee is v-e-r-y different than the way they were talked about in LA.

    In my experience is that folks who have concealed weapons permits (or even just a hunters safety license) have a respect for, and are careful with their guns. As Cliff mentioned, the 4-hour long course (and additional permit and fees) you have to go through to get a license teach a lot of the safety precautions and standards. I've taken the class and was really impressed with the way these volunteer instructors care about gun safety.

    Are people who want to carry a weapon to do harm going to get a permit? I don't think so. I think people have a right to carry a weapon to protect themselves. I think it's a bit naive for faculty members to claim they feel safer if there's a policy against guns - if someone wants to bring a gun into the classroom to hurt others, they are going to do that regardless of the policy!

    In almost all of the shootings since Columbine, police are responding to the incidents within minutes. I don't think it's the responsibility of someone with a weapon to stop the harm, but I do think it's their right to protect themselves.

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  7. I am a strong supporter of our rights as U.S. citizens to own and carry firearms. However, college campuses are not the proper place for concealed weapons. There are stories and opinions that support either side of this argument quite convincingly. However, there is really no need to have a concealed weapon on a college campus. It simply creates more problems than it could ever hope to solve. During my own undergraduate experience, in an area where hunting is a way of life, several students brought guns to campus. However, the guns were required to be checked and safely secured at the campus police station. Students could then go and retrieve their guns as need (i.e. weekend hunting expeditions). So, while students should be allowed to have guns, there is no need for them to be stored in dorm rooms or carried to class.

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  9. Regarding Beau Johnson's comment that "folks who have concealed weapons permits (or even just a hunters safety license) have a respect for, and are careful with their guns" strikes a chord with me because a former co-worker's daughter was killed when her next door neighbor was cleaning his gun and failed to verify that it was unloaded. The bullet pierced her apartment wall and killed her.

    The neighbor was legally licensed to own a weapon. I am not sure if he had a concealed permit or not. My point is that guns are dangerous and accidents happen. Although I can not prove that it is true on college campuses, within the US, I believe that the number of people killed each year in accidental shootings far outnumbers those killed by suicidal gunmen.

    Plus, what is to stop a student's roommate from gaining access to the weapon? Unless every student with a concealed weapon permit locks the gun away every night, with the ammunition locked in a separate location, as is the proper method of storage -- who is to say that gun would not be used by an unlicensed and untrained individual?

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  10. Thank you for this controversial issue.

    I actually do not agree with the idea that students should carry guns on college campuses. Colleges and universities are holly institutions for studying and researching. However, we should wondering is there a high percentage of crimes on college campuses make us allow students to carry guns? And what will happen if every student carry gun to protect him or herself? We will see the old cowboy’s movies again, but in a modern shape. Also, what are the police and the security roles?

    Instead of carrying guns, each department supposed to has its own security in addition to police officers on campuses. Moreover, we should give the students self-defense training. Also, we should give them developmental and educational courses about crimes and its motives and courses about behavior assessment and self-development.

    If students today carry guns to protect themselves, tomorrow they will carry it to protect their opinions!

    Who gave colleges students the right to carry
    guns now, in future, he will allow kids to own it either, and we will live in a forest!

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  11. I agree with Jason's comments on supporting our rights as US citizens, but that a college campus is not the proper place for concealed weapons and firearms.

    When I attended college in Iowa years ago, many male students brought shot-guns to campus and kept them in their rooms with no campus registration. State hunting permits and hunter safety cards were required for any hunter. On warm fall days after class, some of the guys would go bird hunting. There was never an issue that came to light on our campus and those young men were not concealing the fact that they had firearms used for sporting.

    Times have certainly changed.

    The arguments on both sides of the concealed weapons debate are compelling. Permits should be issued and current and all should bear a safety and training requirement before granting this right.

    Still, somehow I do not feel comforted by those facts. How many times have we discussed college survey statistics revealing staggering amounts of alcohol and drug usage on campuses? Campus response teams discuss alcohol and drug related violence on a regular basis.

    Counseling centers are also reporting an increase in severe psychological distress and higher rates of use of psychotropic medications by students (http://www.academicimpressions.com/events/event_listing.php?i=1091). Yet, many students are not seeking available campus services.

    How are these conditions changing our thoughts about preparing campuses for emergencies? I have already attended an emergency response workshop addressing campus safety procedures and response to an active shooter. Scary!

    Do we want to give the go ahead for weapons in our classrooms and offices? I say we err on the side of campus safety and security for faculty, staff, students and visitors.

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  12. This issue is such a volatile one, and I get triggered often when discussing it. (Sorry, unintentional pun).

    I actually have some ambiguity about the concealed carry laws. I have a lot of friends in law enforcement or who were once law enforcement that have done a thoughtful job of explaining why it is an important choice for them. I have even met the woman who shot the guy who was shooting people in that Colorado Springs Church (New Life Church) a couple of years ago. She had a concealed weapon on her and saved lives because she used it.

    However, my friends who work in campus law enforcement tell me that there are potential dangers if someone has a concealed weapons permit and happens upon an active shooter. If they chose to use their weapon, and police respond to the scene, the police would not have time to discern which is the bad guy.

    After Columbine, officers are trained to go immediately after the shooter (as opposed to securing the perimeter and closing in). If there are multiple students with guns, the officers might end up shooting the one who was just trying to help.

    So while I have some ambiguity on the broad issue of guns in general. I know clearly that for myself, I don't want a weapon, even if I have the legal right to carry one.

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  13. Wow! A lot of comments on this blog. Way to stir the pot! This is such a challenging topic for me. Both in terms of the role I play on campus, and my personal beliefs concerning the second amendment. Something that we rarely talk about (although it is clearly illustrated by the Oregon case) is that most of us already have guns on our campuses today. A policy does not prevent this from happening one bit. In class on Tuesday 2/3 of my group could discuss an issue where a gun was either found or discharged on our campuses within the past 12 months. I find it interesting that we place so much comfort in a policy.

    I also echo Meloni's point about the major concerns allowing guns on campus cause for our colleague's in law enforcement. Campus police are some of my best friends and most needed allies on campus (again the role I play) and truly respect their opinions and concerns about this issue.

    Thanks for the food for thought!

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